Akkineni was born in Ramapuram of Krishna district in Andhra Pradesh. His parents were from farming community. He had primary formal education. Ghantasala Balaramaiah is his god father and gave him first chance as a friend of hero in Dharma Patni movie.
Some of the popular movies of ANR are Balaraju, Keelu Gurram, Laila Majnu, Devadasu, Vipranarayana, Missamma, Rojulu Marai, Anarkali, Santaanam, Mayabazar, Suvarna Sundari, Mangalya balam, Pellinati Pramanalu, Santinivasam, Batasari, Poola Rangadu, Mooga Manasulu, Dr. Chakravarthi, Dasara Bullodu, Bangaru Babu, Premabhishekam, Anubandham, Sutradharulu, Seetaramaiah Gaari Manavaraalu, Sri Ramadadu, Sri Rama Rajyam etc.
ANR received PAdma Sri in 1964. He also received prestigious Dada Saheb Phalke Award in 1991. He created an award on his own name as ANR national award. This is given to artists like Dev Anand, Shabana Azmi, Anjali Devi, Balachandar, Hemamalini etc.